Biology STAAR (State of Texas Assessments of Academic Readiness) Practice Test

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What is the primary hormone secreted by the pancreas, and what does it regulate?

Adrenaline; regulates metabolism
Insulin; regulates blood sugar levels
Thyroxin; regulates growth
Growth hormone; regulates immune response

The correct answer is: Insulin; regulates blood sugar levels

The pancreas primarily secretes insulin, which plays a crucial role in regulating blood sugar levels in the body. When you consume food, especially carbohydrates, your blood sugar levels increase. In response, the pancreas releases insulin, which facilitates the uptake of glucose by cells. This process lowers blood sugar levels, ensuring that your body has a steady supply of energy while preventing potential complications associated with high blood sugar, such as diabetes. Insulin also helps in the storage of excess glucose in the liver for later use and assists in the metabolism of fats and proteins. The other hormones mentioned have roles in different bodily functions; adrenaline is involved in the fight-or-flight response and metabolism, thyroxin regulates metabolism and energy production, and growth hormone influences growth and cellular regeneration, but none of these specifically regulate blood sugar levels like insulin does. This specificity is vital in maintaining homeostasis in the body.