Biology STAAR (State of Texas Assessments of Academic Readiness) Practice Test

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What role does tRNA play in protein synthesis?

It carries the DNA code from the nucleus
It assembles ribosomes
It carries amino acids to the ribosomes
It catalyzes chemical reactions

The correct answer is: It carries amino acids to the ribosomes

tRNA, or transfer RNA, plays a crucial role in the process of protein synthesis by transporting amino acids to the ribosome, where proteins are assembled. Each tRNA molecule is specific to one particular amino acid and possesses an anticodon that pairs complementary to the codon on the mRNA strand. This pairing ensures that the correct amino acid is added to the growing polypeptide chain in the specific order dictated by the genetic information carried by the mRNA. Through this function, tRNA facilitates the translation phase of protein synthesis, linking the genetic code with the physical creation of proteins. The other options do not accurately describe the function of tRNA: it does not carry the DNA code, assemble ribosomes, or catalyze reactions, which are roles associated with other cellular components such as mRNA and ribozymes. By fulfilling its role in transporting and delivering amino acids, tRNA is essential for the accurate production of proteins, ultimately determining cellular structure and function.