Biology STAAR (State of Texas Assessments of Academic Readiness) Practice Test

Melanin plays a crucial role in the skin primarily by giving color and providing protection from sun damage. This pigment is produced by cells called melanocytes, which are found in the epidermis. The amount and type of melanin produced determine the color of a person's skin, hair, and eyes.

One of the key functions of melanin is its protective role against ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun. When skin is exposed to UV light, melanin absorbs and dissipates this radiation, helping to prevent DNA damage in skin cells, which can lead to skin cancer. Thus, individuals with higher levels of melanin generally have a lower risk of sunburn and other forms of UV-induced skin damage.

In contrast, the other options relate to functions that are not directly associated with melanin. Elasticity is primarily provided by proteins such as collagen and elastin in the skin. Sensory perception is facilitated by nerves and receptors in the skin, not melanin. Body temperature regulation is managed by blood vessels and sweat glands rather than the pigment in the skin.